Wayne Dyer (1940- )


Wayne Dyer (1940- )

Wayne Walter Dyer (born May 10, 1940) is an American self-help author and motivational speaker.


Quotes·Quotation by Wayne Dyer

Conflict

¶ Conflict cannot survive without your participation.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Dyer

Warren Beatty (1937- )



Warren Beatty (1937- )

Warren Beatty ( /ˈbeɪti/ BAY-tee; born March 30, 1937) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director. He has been nominated for 15 Academy Awards, including winning the Best Director Award and its highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award. He has been nominated for 16 Golden Globe Awards and won six, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award, which he received in 2007. Only Beatty and Orson Welles have been nominated for producer, director, writer and actor in the same film. Welles did it once (for Citizen Kane), Beatty did it twice (for Heaven Can Wait and Reds).


Quotes·Quotations by Warren Beatty


Warren Beatty as Clyde Barrow from Bonnie and Clyde (1967)

We rob banks.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Beatty

Warner Baxter (1889-1951)


Warner Baxter (1889-1951)

Warner Leroy Baxter (March 29, 1889 – May 7, 1951) was an American actor, known for his role as The Cisco Kid in In Old Arizona (1929), for which he won the second Academy Award for Best Actor in the 1928–1929 Academy Awards. Warner Baxter started his movie career in silent movies. Baxter's most notable silent films are probably The Great Gatsby (1926) and The Awful Truth (1925). Today The Great Gatsby is one of many lost films of the silent era. When talkies came out, Baxter became even more famous. Baxter's most notable talkies are In Old Arizona (1929) 42nd Street (1932), and the 1931 20 minute short film, The Slippery Pearls.


Quotes·Quotation by Warner Baxter

Warner Baxter as Julian Marsh from 42nd Street

¶ Sawyer, you're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star!


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Baxter

Vera Wang (王薇薇)

Vera Wang (王薇薇)


@ I hate phones. All businesses are personal businesses, and I always try my best to get back to people, but sometimes the barrage of calls is so enormous that if I just answered calls I would do nothing else. [Wall Street Journal, Jul 24, 2013]

WANG Ming (王明, 1904-1974)

WANG Ming (王明, 1904-1974)

Wang Ming (Chinese: 王明) (23 May 1904 – 27 March 1974) was a senior leader of the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang was also a major political rival of Mao Zedong during the 1930s, opposing Mao's nationalist deviation from the Comintern and orthodox Marxism and Leninism lines. The competition between Wang and Mao was a reflection of the power struggle between the Soviet Union, through the vehicle of the Comintern, and the CCP to control both the direction and future of the Chinese revolution.


@ “今天中國面臨的是‘兩國之爭’,即新生的'中華蘇維埃共和國'與腐朽的'中華民國'的鬥爭”,“‘兩國’之爭,決定著中國目前的全部政治生活”,“‘兩國’政權的尖銳對立,是目前中國全部政治生活的核心。(見《王明傳》)
Translation:Today China is facing The struggle between two nations, the struggle between new born Chinese Soviet Republic and the rotten Republic of China, the struggle between these two nations, determined the whole of political life of China, this sharp confrontation between these two regimes, is the core of the total of the current Chinese political life. [華夏歷史:命運多舛的時代:中華民國(大陸時期) (九)]


http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wang_Ming

WANG Zhaojun (王昭君)

WANG Zhaojun (王昭君)

Wang Qiang (王牆 also 王檣; 王嬙), more commonly known by her style name Wang Zhaojun (王昭君) was a real person, born in Baoping Village, Zigui County (in current Hubei Province) in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 8 AD).[1] was sent by Emperor Yuan to marry the Xiongnu Chanyu (呼韓邪) in order to establish friendly relations with the Han Dynasty through marriage. She is famed as one of the Four Beauties of ancient China and her story as a ‘political bride’ has handed down to generations.


Role in the "Four Beauties" legend

According to the most prevalent version of the "Four Beauties" legend, the quartet's members are Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun, Diao Chan or Diaochan, and Yang Guifei. They are described by four parallel Chinese quotations: "Xi Shi sinks fish; Wang Zhaojun drops birds; Diao Chan eclipses the moon; Yang Guifei shames flowers."[2] Wang Zhaojun's portion of the legend is that on a bright autumn morning she left her hometown on horseback and began a journey northward. Along the way, the horse neighed, making Zhaojun extremely sad and unable to control her emotions. As she sat on the saddle, she began to play sorrowful melodies on a stringed instrument. A flock of geese flying southward heard the music, saw the beautiful young woman riding the horse, immediately forgot to flap their wings, and fell to the ground. From then on, Zhaojun acquired the nickname "fells geese" or "drops birds."


Wang Zhaojun in History

Entering the harem

Wang Zhaojun was born to a prominent family of Baopin village, Zigui country (now Zhaojun village, Xingshan county, Hubei) in the south of the Western Han empire. As she was born when her father was very old, he regarded her as "a pearl in the palm". Wang Zhaojun was endowed with dazzling beauty with extremely intelligent mind. She was also adept in pipa and master all the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar – Guqin, Weiqi, Calligraphy and Chinese painting. In 36 BC, Emperor Yuan chose his concubines from the whole state. Because of Zhaojun’s fame in the county, she was his first choice for the concubine from Nan county. Emperor Yuan issued the edict that Zhaojun should enter the harem soon. Zhaojun’s father said that his daughter was too young to enter the harem, but could not violate the decree. Zhaojun left her hometown and entered the harem of Emperor Yuan in early summer. According to the custom in the palace, when choosing a new wife, the Emperor was first presented with portraits of all the possible women. It is said that because of Zhaojun's confidence of beauty and temperament, she refused to bribe the artist Mao Shouyan as other women did.[3] As a reprisal, Mao shouyan painted a mole of widowed tears on Zhaojun’s portrait.[4] As a result, during her time in the Lateral Courts, Wang Zhaojun was never visited by the emperor and remained as a palace lady-in-waiting. Wang Zhaojun's portrait was either never viewed by the Emperor, or was not in its true form, and therefore the Emperor overlooked her.[5]

Zhaojun Departs for the Frontier

In 33 BC, Huhanye Chanyu visited Chang'an as part of the tributary system that existed between the Han and Xiongnu governments. He took the opportunity to request to become an imperial son-in-law, which is recorded by Lou Jingde under Emperor Gaozu of Han. As Queen Mother Lü had only one daughter she did not have the heart to send her too far away. Typically the daughter of a concubine would then be offered, but, unwilling to honour Huhanye with a real princess, Emperor Yuan ordered that the plainest girl in the harem be selected.[6] He asked for volunteers and promised to present her as his own daughter. The idea of leaving their homeland and comfortable life at the court for the grasslands of the far and unknown north was abhorrent to most of the young women, but Wang Zhaojun accepted. When the matron of the harem sent the unflattering portrait of Wang Zhaojun to the emperor he merely glanced at it and nodded his approval. Only when summoned to court was Wang Zhaojun’s beauty revealed and the emperor considered retracting his decision to give her to the Xiongnu. However, it was too late by then and, in anguish, the emperor presented Wang Zhaojun to Huhanye, who was delighted. Relations with the Xiongnu subsequently improved and the court artist, Mao Shouyan, was subsequently put to death for deceiving the Emperor.[7]

Life with the Xiongnu

Wang Zhaojun became a favourite of the Huhanye chanyu, giving birth to two sons. Only one of them seems to have survived, Yituzhiyashi (伊屠智牙師). They also had at least one daughter, Yun (雲), who was created Princess Yimuo and who would later become a powerful figure in Xiongnu politics. When Huhanye died in 31 BC, Wang Zhaojun requested to return to China.Emperor Cheng, however, ordered that she follow Xiongnu levirate custom and become the wife of the next shanyu, the oldest brother (or her stepson, born by her husband's first wife) of her husband. In her new marriage she had two daughters.

Wang was honoured as Ninghu Yanzhi(寧胡閼氏 "Hu-Pacifying Chief-Consort").[8]


Evaluation

Zhaojun’s life became the household tale of "Zhaojun Departs the Frontier" (昭君出塞) in the history of the friendship and unity among Chinese nationalities as well as a popular subject in Chinese poetry, drama and novels. She advised Huhanye not to wage war and spread the Han culture and civilization among the Xiongnu tribe. As she was loved and respected by the Xiongnu, Huhanxie Chanyu conferred on her the title of the First Lady of Xiongnu Peace, eulogizing Zhaojun as a queen who had brought peace and security to the Xiongnu tribe. Peace was maintained for over 60 years between China and the Xiongnu with her contribution. Since the 3rd century, the story of Wang Zhaojun had been elaborated upon. The Communist government of the People's Republic of China uses her as a symbol of the integration of Han Chinese and ethnic minorities of China. There is a Memorial to Zhaojun in Inner Mongolia. Although it is called a "Tomb", she is not actually buried there. Her date of death and true grave is unknown.


References

[1]^ "王昭君简介". www.365zn.com.
[2]^ Xinhuanet.com. "纪连海叹说四大美人". Retrieved on 2010-02-20.
[3]^ baike.baidu.com. "王昭君". zhiyang2005.
[4]^ baike.baidu.com. "王昭君". zhiyang2005.
[5]^ baike.baidu.com. "王昭君". zhiyang2005.
[6]^ baike.baidu.com. "王昭君". zhiyang2005.
[7]^ baike.baidu.com. "王昭君". zhiyang2005.
[8]^ baike.baidu.com. "王昭君". zhiyang2005.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Beauties
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Zhaojun
人物: 王昭君 (Wang Zhaojun)

WANG Anshi (王安石, 1021-1086)

WANG Anshi (王安石, 1021-1086)

Wang Anshi (Chinese: 王安石; December 8, 1021 – May 21, 1086 [3]) was a Chinese economist, statesman, chancellor and poet of the Song Dynasty who attempted controversial, major socioeconomic reforms. These reforms constituted the core concepts and motives of the Reformists, while their nemesis, Chancellor Sima Guang, led the Conservative faction against them.

In economics, his reforms expanded the use of money, broke up private monopolies and introduced some forms of government regulation and social welfare. In military affairs, he supported the use of local militias; and in education and government, he expanded the examination system and tried to suppress nepotism. Though successful for a while, he eventually fell out of favor of the emperor.


References

[1]^ hence referred to as Wáng Jīnggōng 王荊公
[2]^ hence referred to as Wáng Wéngōng 王文公
[3]^ 6th day of the 4th month of Yuanyou 1 (元祐元年四月六日), which corresponds to May 21, 1086 in the Julian calendar.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Anshi
人物: 王安石 (Wang Anshi, 1021-1086)
人物: 王安石 (왕안석, Wáng ānshí, 1021~1086)

Walt Disney (1901-1966)


Walt Disney (1901-1966)

Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon, and philanthropist, well-known for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century. Along with his brother Roy O. Disney, he was co-founder of Walt Disney Productions, which later became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world. The corporation is now known as The Walt Disney Company and had an annual revenue of approximately US$36 billion in the 2010 financial year.

Disney is particularly noted as a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design. He and his staff created some of the world's most well-known fictional characters including Mickey Mouse, for whom Disney himself provided the original voice. During his lifetime he received four honorary Academy Awards and won twenty-two Academy Awards from a total of fifty-nine nominations, including a record four in one year, giving him more awards and nominations than any other individual in history. Disney also won seven Emmy Awards and gave his name to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the U.S., as well as the international resorts Tokyo Disney, Disneyland Paris, and Disneyland Hong Kong.

The year after his December 15, 1966 death from lung cancer in Burbank, California, construction began on Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. His brother Roy Disney inaugurated the Magic Kingdom on October 1, 1971.


Quotes·Quotation by Walt Disney

Celebrities

¶ I love Mickey Mouse more than any woman I have ever known.

Confidence

¶ Somehow I can’t believe that there are any heights that can’t be scaled by a man who knows the secret of making his dreams come true. This special secret, it seems to me, can be summarized in four C’s. They are curiosity, confidence, courage, and constancy, and the greatest of these is confidence. When you believe in a thing, believe in it all the way.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney

Walter Benjamin

Walter Benjamin

Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (July 15, 1892 – September 27, 1940) was a German Jewish literary critic and philosopher. He was at times associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory, and was also greatly inspired by the Marxism of Bertolt Brecht and the Jewish mysticism of Gershom Scholem.



@ There is no document of civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism. [Theses on the Philosophy of History (1940) VII]

@ This is how one pictures the angel of history. His face is turned toward the past. Where we perceive a chain of events, he sees one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage upon wreckage and hurls it in front of his feet. The angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and make whole what has been smashed. But a storm is blowing in from Paradise; it has got caught in his wings with such violence that the angel can no longer close them. This storm irresistibly propels him into the future to which his back is turned, while the pile of debris before him grows skyward. This storm is what we call progress.


http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walter_Benjamin

Walter Brooke (1914-1986)



Walter Brooke (1914-1986)

Walter Brooke (October 23, 1914 – August 20, 1986) was an American actor. Brooke is best known for playing Mr. McGuire in The Graduate, where he said his famous line, "Plastics".

He is also remembered for playing district attorney Frank Scanlon in the television series The Green Hornet. Brooke appeared on stage in the 1957 production of Hide and Seek at the Shubert Theatre in Washington, D.C.

Brooke died from emphysema on August 20, 1986, aged 71.


Quotes·Quotations by Walter Brooke


Walter Brooke as Mr. Mcguire from The Graduate (1967)

Plastics.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Brooke

Wall Street


Wall Street

Wall Street is the financial district of New York City,[1] named after and centered on the eight-block-long street running from Broadway to South Street on the East River in Lower Manhattan. Over time, the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the American financial sector (even if financial firms are not physically located there), or signifying New York-based financial interests.[2] It is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies.[3] Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City is one of the world's principal financial centers.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]


Quotes·Quotations of Wall Street

Chance

¶ You always need a catalyst to make big things happen.

Crowd

¶ You cannot outperform the crowd when you are part of it.

Emotions

¶ Don’t get emotionally involved.

Finance

¶ It's only when the tide goes out that you learn who's been swimming naked. [Warren Buffett]

Gambling

¶ Gambling begins where we risk what we can't afford to gain something we haven't earned.

Investment

¶ A man adapts himself to conditions so quickly that he loses the perspective.

¶ Don't try to be a jack of all investments.

¶ Great minds have purposes; others have wishes.

¶ If a company has dynamic growth prospects, do not sell it just because it looks temporarily too high.

¶ If you are a ten-share man, don't be ashamed of it.

¶ It's never too late not to invest in an unproven enterprise.

¶ Leave short selling to experienced professionals.

¶ Nothing could be more bullish than begrudging admiration from a rival.

¶ Stock investing merely attempts to anticipate the inevitabilities of future changing condition.

¶ The best possible time to invest is when the sky is black with clouds.

¶ The big money in booms is always made first by the public on paper, and it remains on paper.

¶ There are times when one should invest, and just as surely there are times when one should not.

¶ This time is never different.

¶ Where are the customers’ yachts?

Investor

¶ Investors are not rewarded for activity. They are rewarded for being right.

¶ It is the duty of shareholders to periodically suffer loss without complaint.

¶ Nobody can be successful by speculating every day or every week.

¶ Successful investor must not only observe accurately but remember what he has observed.

¶ There are really no more brilliant investors than brilliant lawyer or top-flight surgeons.

¶ When enough investors find themselves shorn, scapegoats will be sought.

Leverage

¶ Don’t speculate with another person’s money.

Money

¶ Little and often fills the purse.

News

¶ There is never any news on a bull market.

Panics

¶ Panics on Wall Street are notoriously periodic.

Patience

¶ One of the essential qualifications of the successful investor is patience.

Portfolio

¶ Don't shape your portfolio on what your barber advice.

Risk control

¶ Never make a bet you can’t afford to lose.

Risky asset

¶ The longer a risky asset is held, the less the chance of a loss.

Speculation

¶ The game of speculation is the most uniformly fascination game in the world.

Stock

¶ All stock-market mistakes wound you in two tender spots, your pocketbook and your vanity.

¶ Like the ocean, the stock market is never still.

¶ Stocks always look worst at the bottom of a bear market and always look best at the top of a bull market.

¶ The stock market merely registers, and does not cause, what takes place in the realm of business and profits.


References

[1]^ Profile of Manhattan Community Board 1, retrieved July 17, 2007.
[2]^ Merriam-Webster Online, retrieved July 17, 2007.
[3]^ World-exchanges.org
[4]^ "UBS may move US investment bank to NYC". e-Eighteen.com Ltd. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
[5]^ "The World's Most Expensive Real Estate Markets". CNBC. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
[6]^ The Best 301 Business Schools 2010 by Princeton Review, Nedda Gilbert. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
[7]^ "New York Eclipses London as Financial C in Bloomberg Poll". Bloomberg News. October 29, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
[8]^ "The Tax Capital of the World". The Wall Street Journal. April 11, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
[9]^ "JustOneMinute – Editorializing From The Financial Capital Of The World". Retrieved May 31, 2010.
[10]^ "London may have the IPOs...". Marketwatch. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
[11]^ "Fondos – Londres versus Nueva York" (PDF). Cinco Dias. Retrieved May 31, 2010.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street


Wallonia and Walloons

Wallonia and Walloons

Wallonia

Wallonia (French: Wallonie [wa.lɔ.ni], German: Wallonie(n), Dutch: Wallonië [wɐˈloːnɪə] ( listen) or [βɐˈloːnɪə], Walloon: Walonreye) is the predominantly French-speaking southern region of Belgium. It is governed as the Walloon Region, which makes up 55% of the territory of Belgium but with only a third of its population. Contrary to the situation in Flanders, the Walloon Region was not merged with the French Community of Belgium, a political level responsible for matters related mainly to culture and education. The small German-speaking minority in the east forms the German-speaking Community of Belgium, which has its own government and parliament for culture-related issues. The demonym for Wallonia is Walloon.

During the industrial revolution, Wallonia was second only to the United Kingdom in industrialization, capitalizing on its extensive deposits of coal and iron. This brought the region wealth, and, from the beginning of the 19th to the middle of the 20th centuries, Wallonia was the more prosperous half of Belgium. Since World War II the importance of heavy industry has greatly declined, and the Flemish Region surpassed Wallonia in wealth as Wallonia economically declined. Wallonia now suffers from high unemployment and has a significantly lower GDP per capita than Flanders. The economic inequalities and linguistic divide between the two are major sources of political conflict in Belgium.

The capital of Wallonia is Namur, and its largest metropolitan area is Liège, while its most populous municipality proper is Charleroi. Most of Wallonia's major cities and two-thirds of its population lie along the Sambre and Meuse valley, the former industrial backbone of Belgium. To the north lies the Central Belgian Plateau, which, like Flanders, is relatively flat and agriculturally fertile. In the southeast lie the Ardennes; the area is sparsely populated and mountainous. Wallonia borders Flanders and the Netherlands in the north, France to the south and west, and Germany and Luxembourg to the east.


Walloons

Walloons (/wɑːˈluːnz/; French: Wallons, IPA: [walɔ̃]; Walloon: Walons) are a French-speaking people who live in Belgium, principally in Wallonia. Walloons are a distinctive community within Belgium.[1] Important historical and anthropological criteria (religion, language, traditions, folklore) bind Walloons to the French people.[2][3] More generally, the term also refers to the inhabitants of the Walloon Region. They speak regional languages such as Walloon (with Picard in the West and Lorrain in the South).


Walloon proverb

@ Pus n-y-a-t-i d' cohun divins n'couhenne, pus male est l'sope.
Idiomatic translation: ”A public hall is never swept.”


Footnotes

[1]^ Ethnic Groups Worldwide, a ready reference Handbook, David Levinson, ORYX Press, (ISBN 1-57356-019-7), p. 13 : « Walloons are identified through their residence in Wallonia and by speaking dialects of French. They, too, are descended from the original Celtic inhabitants of the region and Romans and Franks who arrived later. Walloons are mainly Roman catholic. »
[2]^ Ethnic Groups Worldwide, a ready reference Handbook, David Levinson, ORYX Press, ISBN 1-57356-019-7, p.13 : "Walloon culture was heavely influenced by the French"


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_Region
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloons
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walloon_proverbs

Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)


Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)

Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was an American Modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and he spent most of his life working as an executive for an insurance company in Hartford, Connecticut. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his Collected Poems in 1955.

Some of his best-known poems include "Valley Candle", "Anecdote of the Jar", "Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock", "The Emperor of Ice-Cream", "The Idea of Order at Key West", "Sunday Morning", "The Snow Man", and "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird."


Quotes·Quotations by Wallace Stevens

Summer

¶ The summer night is like a perfection of thought.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Stevens

Wales and Welsh people

Wales and Welsh people

Wales

Wales i/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ]) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,[2] bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It had a population in 2011 of 3,064,000, and has a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, and is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone, and has a changeable, maritime climate.

Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales, though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England, and incorporated within the English legal system, under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.

At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, development of the mining and metallurgical industries transformed the country from an agricultural society into an industrial nation; the south Wales coalfield's exploitation causing a rapid expansion of Wales' population. Two-thirds of the population now live in south Wales, mainly in and around Cardiff (the capital), Swansea and Newport, and in the nearby valleys. Today, with the country's traditional extractive and heavy industries either gone or in decline, Wales' economy depends on the public sector, light and service industries, and tourism. Wales' 2010 Gross Value Added (GVA) was £45.5 billion (£15,145 per head); 74.0 per cent of the average for the UK total, the lowest GVA per head in Britain.

Although Wales shares a close political and social history with the rest of Great Britain, and almost everyone speaks English, the country has retained a distinct cultural identity and is officially bilingual. Over 560,000 Welsh language speakers live in Wales, where it is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the "land of song", attributable in part to the eisteddfod tradition. At international sporting events, such as the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, Wales is represented by national teams, though at the Olympic Games, Welsh athletes compete as part of a Great Britain team. Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness.


Welsh people

The Welsh people (Welsh: Cymry) are an ethnic group and nation native to Wales and associated with the Welsh language. The Welsh language was once the predominant language spoken throughout Wales. Indeed, Old Welsh was historically also spoken throughout most of the British mainland. Whilst Welsh remains as the predominant language in parts of Wales, most notably in the northern and western regions, in recent years the English has become the most widely-spoken language in Wales.

John Davies argues that the origin of the "Welsh nation" can be traced to the late 4th and early 5th centuries, following the Roman departure from Britain,[11] although Brythonic Celtic languages seem to have been spoken in Wales far longer. The term Welsh people applies to people from Wales and people of Welsh ancestry perceiving themselves or being perceived as sharing a cultural heritage and shared ancestral origins.[12] Today Wales is a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living in Wales are British citizens.

An analysis of the geography of Welsh surnames commissioned by the Welsh Government found that 718,000 people, or nearly 35% of the Welsh population, have a family name of Welsh origin, compared with 5.3% in the rest of the United Kingdom, 4.7% in New Zealand, 4.1% in Australia, and 3.8% in the United States, with an estimated 16.3 million people in the countries studied having Welsh ancestry.[13]


Welsh Proverb

Friend

@ Adar o'r unlliw, ehedant i'r unlle.
Translation: Birds of the same colour fly to the same place.


Notes

[1]^ Also .eu, as part of the European Union. ISO 3166-1 is GB, but .gb is unused.
[2]^ The earliest instance of Lloegyr occurs in the early 10th century prophetic poem Armes Prydein. It seems comparatively late as a place name, the nominative plural Lloegrwys, "men of Lloegr", being earlier and more common. The English were sometimes referred to as an entity in early poetry (Saeson, as today) but just as often as Eingl (Angles), Iwys (Wessex-men), etc. Lloegr and Sacson became the norm later when England emerged as a kingdom. As for its origins, some scholars have suggested that it originally referred only to Mercia – at that time a powerful kingdom and for centuries the main foe of the Welsh. It was then applied to the new kingdom of England as a whole (see for instance Rachel Bromwich (ed.), Trioedd Ynys Prydein, University of Wales Press, 1987). "The lost land" and other fanciful meanings, such as Geoffrey of Monmouth's monarch Locrinus, have no etymological basis. (See also Discussion, article 40)

[11]^ Davies, John (1994) A History of Wales. Penguin: p.54; ISBN 0-14-014581-8.
[12]^ The Welsh people: chapters on their origin, history and laws by Sir John Rhys, Sir David Brynmor Jones. 1969
[13]^ "The Welsh diaspora: Analysis of the geography of Welsh names". Retrieved 17 October 2009.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_people
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Welsh_proverbs